'? -J  :  )<- 


U.S.  DEPARTMENT  pF  AGRICULTURE, 
BUREAU  OF   HJT0M0L9GY     CIRCULAR   Ko.  148. 

L  O.  I  l<  >W  AKI  >.  I  ntomoWM  «ikI  (  h.rf  ol  Burcu. 


TWO  DESTRUCTIVE  TEXAS  ANTS. 


\V.  I).  HUNTER, 

//i  Charge  of  Southern  Field  Crop  J 


.  OFFKE  :  1*12 


BUREAU  OF  C\  TO  UOLOGY. 

L.  O.  Howard,  Entomologist  and  <'hi<f  of  Bureau. 

('.  L.  Mablatt,  Entomologist  and  Acting  Chief  in  Absence  of  chief. 

R.   S.  Clifton,  Executive  Assistant. 

W.   F.  Tastet,  Chief  Clerk. 

F.  II.  Chittenden,  in  charge  of  truck  wop  and  stored  product  insect  investigations. 

A.  I>.  Hopkins,  in  charge  of  forest  insert  investigations. 

VV.  I>.  Hunter,  in  charge  of  southern  field  crop  insect  investigations. 

F.  M.  Websti  b,  /'//  charge  of  cereal  and  forage  insect  investigations. 

A.  I,.  Qttaintance,  tn  charge  of  deciduous  fruit  insect  investigations. 

E.  F.  Phillips,  in  charge  of  bee  culture. 

D.  M.  Kot.i  ss,  in  charge  <>f  previ  nting  spread  of  moths,  field  worfo, 
Rolla  P.  Cubbie,  in  charge  of  (tlitoriu!  work. 

Mabel  Colcobd,  in  charge  of  library. 

Southern    Field   Crop    [nsect    Investigations. 
W.  I >.  Hunter,  in  charge. 

V.  V.  Bishopp,  A.  II.  Jennings,  II.  1'.  Wood,  \V.  V.  King,  engaged  in  tick  life- 

h  istory  in  vest  i<)<i  I  ions. 
W.  D.  Pierce,  G.  I).  Smith,  J.  1).  Mitchell,  Harry  Pinkus,  B.  K.  Coad,  It.  W. 

Mobeland,  engaged  in  cotton-boll  weevil  investigations. 
A.  C.  Morgan.  G.  A.  Rtjnneb,  S.  E.  Crumb.  I).  ('.  Pabman,  engaged  m  totiacco 

insect  investigations. 
T.  E.  Holloway,  E.  R.  Barber,  engaged  in  sugar  can<  insect  investigations 

E.  A.  McGregor,  W.  A.  Thomas,  engaged  in  red  spider  nn<l  other  cotton  insect 
investigations. 

J.  L.  Webb,  engaged  in  ri<-<   insect  investigations. 

R.  A.  Cooley,  D.  L.  Van  Dink,  A.  F.  Conbadi,  C.  C  Kbumbhaab,  collaborators. 
ii 


Circular  No.  148.  b  ned  Iprfl  H   1912 

United  States  Department  of  Agriculture, 

BUREAU    OK    ENTOMOLOGY, 
L    O.   HOWARD,  Entomologist  and  Chief  of  Hurc.iu. 


TWO  DESTRUCTIVE  TEXAS  ANTS. 

Bj   W.  I>    Hi  mi  it 
In  (Itiinjt   nf  Southern  Field-Crop  Insiii  Investigation*. 

THE   CUTTING   OR   PARASOL   ANT. 
i  l  tin  texana  Buckley. » 

The  so-called  cutting  or  parasol  ant  (Atta  fa  xana  Buckle}  |  is  well 
known  to  residents  i>t"  the  region  in  which  it  occurs.  The  colonies 
are  located  in  sandy  soil,  generally  in  the  timber,  and  consist  of  kyvi 
mounds  of  considerable  extent  covered  with  numerous  craters  about 
1^  Inches  in  diameter.  The  ants  have  the  habit  <>f  cutting  the  leaves 
from  a  great  variety  of  plant >  and  of  carrying  them  to  their  nests. 
In  many  case-  the  attack  i-  concentrated  on  one  tree,  which  may  be 
entirely  defoliated  in  a  single  night.  The  species  is  of  a  reddish- 
brown  color.  The  colonies  contain  individuals  showing  great  dif- 
ferences in  size.  as  will  be  explained  later. 

DISTRIBUTION. 

The  range  of  this  species  is  rather  restricted.  It  is  known  only 
from  a  limited  area  in  south-central  Texas,  This  area  extends  from 
the  Brazos  River  as  far  north  as  Waco  to  the  Gulf,  westward  as  Ear 

as  San  Antonio,  and  southward  to  the  vicinity  of  Alice.  The  ant  is 
most  common  in  the  valley-  of  the  Colorado.  Guadalupe,  Comal,  and 
San  Antonio  Rivers.  In  these  situations  it  i-  evidently  increasing 
in  numbers  from  year  to  year.  In  many  cases  the  nests  occupy  the 
land  practically  continuously  for  many  mile-  up  and  down  the  valley-. 

II  \1MT-. 

The  nests  consist  of  underground  chambers  with  several  openings 
or  craters.  The  surplus  openings  seem  to  he  provided  for  the  pur- 
pose <»f  ventilating  the  underground  passages.     The  nest-  are  located 

28482*— Cir.  US- 12 


Z  TWO    DESTRUCTIVE   ANTS. 

generally  in  sandy  soil.     The  more  compact   soils  seem  to  be  un- 
favorable   for  their  construction.     A    very  common   location    for  a 

colony  is  a  sandy  promontory,  well  lighted  by  the  sun,  in  the  bend 
of  a  river. 

The  large  irregular  mounds  arc  due  to  the  leveling  by  the  wind 
and  rains  of  the  circular  ridges  of  sand,  brought  from  beneath 
the  surface,  which  surround  the  openings.  Consequently,  each  of 
the  mounds  is  an  indication  of  the  activity  of  the  ants  for  many  years. 
Beneath  these  mounds  are  numerous  chambers  connected  by  narrow 
passages,  and  there  may  he  direct  connection  by  these  channels  over 
an  area  of  several  hundred  square  feet. 

The  habits  of  this  insect  have  attracted  great  attention  from  scien- 
tists and  others.  The  ants  cut  the  leaves  from  trees  and  carry 
them  to  the  nests.  Each  leaf  is  finely  divided  and  made  into  small 
pellets.  In  this  work  the  mandibles  and  legs  of  the  ants  are  utilized. 
The  small  masses  are  placed  upon  the  so-called  fungus  garden,  where 
they  furnish  a  growing  medium  for  the  growth  of  a  fungus  which 
furnishes  the  colony  with  food.  As  the  supply  of  fungus  is  con- 
sumed the  ants  add  to  the  old  mass,  so  that  eventually  the  nests  are 
found  to  contain  large  spongy  formations  on  the  outer  portion  of 
which  the  slender  threads  of  the  fungus  are  growing.  Evidently 
the  ants  exercise  great  care  in  preventing  the  contamination  of  the 
fungus  garden  by  any  but  the  sole  species  of  fungus  that  is  utilized. 

The  ant  is  active  throughout  the  greater  part  of  the  year.  In 
fact,  it  becomes  quiet  for  only  a  very  short  time  when  the  winter 
cold  is  most  severe.  It  is  disinclined  to  work  during  very  hot 
weather.  During  the  cooler  months  its  activity  extends  through- 
out the  day,  but  during  the  summer  it  is  confined  to  the  night.  The 
distance  over  which  foraging  expeditions  take  place  may  be  200 
yards  or  even  more.  Practically  all  species  of  plants  seem  to  be 
suitable  for  food,  although  it  is  noticeable  that  only  one  species  is 
attacked  at  a  time.  Dr.  W.  M.  "Wheeler,  who  has  made  very  careful 
studies  of  these  ants,  has  noted  that  the  same  colony  may  feed  upon 
a  wide  variety  of  plants  at  different  times,  but  he  never  observed 
the  individuals  of  a  colony  collecting  different  varieties  at  the  same 
time.1  Among  cultivated  crops,  cotton,  corn,  fruit  trees,  sorghum, 
and  many  others  are  attacked.  Among  wild  plants,  forest  trees  are 
favored,  and  frequently  the  Spanish  moss  is  used.  The  various 
species  of  oaks  seem  to  be  more  or  less  immune,  either  on  account 
of  the  texture  of  the  leaves  or  the  tannic  acid  they  contain.  This 
immunity  is  by  no  means  absolute,  however,  as  Dr.  Wheeler  and  Mr. 
J.  D.  Mitchell  have  observed  the  ant-  making  use  of  such  rough 
leaves  as  those  of  the  live  oak. 


i Wheeler,  W.  M.     The  Fungus-Growing  Ants  of  North  America.     Bui.  Amer.  Mua,  Nat. 
Hist.,  vol.  23,  Article  XXXI.  pp.  7J!l-742. 


PWO  DESTRUCTIVE  AHTB.  8 

The  colonies  of  this  ant  are  formed  bj  the  ili^lit  of  the  females  to 
some  point  imi  far  distant  from  the  nest.  The  queen  alights,  digs 
beneath  the  surface,  deposits  a  small  quantity  of  the  fungus  from 
the  original  nest,  and  on  it  deposits  a  number  of  egg 

i  ORMS. 

This  ;mt  occurs  in  five  forms,  namely,  soldiers,  large  workers 
(media),  small  workers  (minima),  males,  and  females.  The  soldiers 
are  from  1"  (<>  12  mm.  in  length,  with  enormously  developed  heads. 
The  large  workers,  or  media,  resemble  the  soldiers,  although  1 1  • » - 
head  is  somewhat  smaller,  and  the  length  of  the  body  is  between 
■\  ;iii(l  9  nun.  The  small  worker  forms,  called  minima,  are  from  t.5 
to  2.5  nun.  in  length.  The  head  is  >till  -mailer  than  in  the  media. 
Each  of  these  three  forms  has  a  special  function  in  the  nest.  The 
soldiers  are  concerned  primarily  with  the  protection  of  the  nest. 
They  do  not  sting,  l>nt  bite  with  their  mandibles,  which  arc  strong 
enough  to  draw  blood.  The  large  worker-  and  small  workers  are 
busied  principally  with  the  gathering  of  lease-  for  the  fungus  garden 
ami  the  preparation  of  the  material  on  which  the  fungus  grows. 
The  remaining  form-  are  the  male-  and  female-.  These  are  much 
larger  than  the  other  form-.  The  female  is  about  Is  nun.  in  length. 
The  color  i-  dark  brown,  although  the  legs  are  somewhat  reddish. 
The  body  i-  covered  with  dense  tawny  hair.  The  wings,  which  are 
shed  soon  after  the  flight  of  the  queen,  are  reddish  In-own.  especially 

along  the  anterior  borders.  The  male-  are  from  13  to  1  I  nun.  long 
with  a  head  of  -mall  -i/e  which  contrasts  greatlj  with  that  of  the 
worker   form-.     The  body   is  densely  covered   with   long  yellowish 

hair-,  a-  i-  the  case  with   the  female-. 

l:l  PR]  S8ION. 

The    fact    that    tlii-   ant    doe-   not    continue   to  attack   one  specie-  of 

plant  continuously,  but  changes  from  one  to  another  at  frequent 
interval-,  causes  it  to  he  of  less  importance  in  the  destruction  of 
vegetation  than  it  would  he  otherwise.  Nevertheless,  the  damage 
to  growing  crop-  i-  frequently  heavy,  ami  complaint-  have  become 
more  numerous  in  recent  year-  on  account  of  the  greater  abundance 
of  the  ant.-.  In  many  place-  considerable  area-  of  land  are  not 
planted  to  crop-  on  account  of  the  danger  of  attack.  In  all  such 
situations  it  i-  necessary  to  resort  to  repressive  mean-. 

The  best  method  of  control  i-  undoubtedly  by  mean-  of  potassium 
eyanid.'       Mr.  .1.   1).  Mitchell  ha-  conducted  the  experiments  upon 

'Tin'  nae  of  potassium   cyan  Id   In   water  notation   against    n  i-r    followed   by 

Messrs.    i;    S    Woglum  and   Win    Wood      (See  Journal  of   Economic   (Entomology,   v. a.   1, 

■     i'"'-        \i,-    ii    i)    Marsh   b  d  It.     (Se<    Bui    04     Pi     i  v    i      s 

Depl    Agr  .   Boj    Knt  .  pp.  Tt    78,    L910  I 


4  TWO   DESTRUCTIVE   ANTS. 

which  this  conclusion  is  based.  He  used  98  per'  cent  potassium 
cyanid  at  the  rate  of  1  ounce  to  1  quart  of  water.  After  careful 
mixing  this  liquid  was  poured  into  each  of  the  openings  in  several 
nests,  a  quart  to  each  opening.  In  every  case  it  was  found  that  the 
destruction  of  the  colony  followed  after  one  or  two  applications. 
The  cost  of  this  method  is  small,  but  of  course  will  assume  consider- 
able proportions  in  areas  where  the  ants  are  very  numerous.  Even 
under  such  conditions  it  will  undoubtedly  well  pay  for  the  expense 
and  is  advised  above  all  methods  that  can  be  followed. 

The  use  of  carbon  bisulphid  is  not  practical  on  account  of  the  very 
extensive  excavations  the  ants  make  in  the  sand.  Some  may  be  killed, 
but  effective  work  can  not  be  done  unless  the  insecticide  is  forced  into 
the  earth  by  pressure,  and  this  requires  special  apparatus.  Moreover, 
the  expense  would  be  much  greater  than  in  the  case  of  the  cyanid 
method  just  described. 

Some  years  ago  certain  persons  in  southern  Texas  followed  the 
destruction  of  this  ant  as  a  regular  business.  They  used  sulphur  and 
a  special  apparatus  for  forcing  the  fumes  into  the  nests.  The  ma- 
chine consisted  of  an  oven  in  which  the  sulphur  was  burned.  The 
fumes  were  passed  through  a  pipe  by  forced  draft,  and  the  end  of 
this  pipe  was  inserted  into  the  ground  in  the  middle  of  the  colony. 
Before  the  oven  was  started  all  of  the  openings  of  the  nest  were  care- 
fully closed.  It  is  said  that  remarkable  success  accompanied  this 
method.  It  may  be  found  to  be  advisable  to  use  this  method  for 
large  areas  of  the  infested  lands  or  where  several  planters  can 
cooperate. 

Mr.  C.  L.  Marlatt  has  described  a  method  of  destruction  of  ants 
which  is  in  use  in  Cuba  : 

It  consists  in  digging  a  hole  C,  feet  deep  by  3  or  4  feet  wide  in  the  midst  of 
the  colony.  This  hole  is  filled  with  dry  brush  and  a  roaring  fire  started.  Into 
this  is  then  poured  a  bucketful  of  powdered  sulphur.  The  opening  is  closed 
with  a  large  iron  plate.  Through  a  hole  in  the  center  of  this  plate  air  is 
forced  down  into  the  burning  mass  with  a  large  bellows.1 

THE  AGRICULTURAL   OR  HILLOCK   ANT. 
(Pogonomyrmex  barbatus  molefaciens  Buckley.) 

The  nests  of  the  agricultural  or  hillock  ant  (Po</<momyrm£X  har- 
batus  molefaciens  Buckley)  are  conspicuous  in  the  territory  in  which 
they  occur  on  account  of  the  fact  that  the  ants  do  not  allow  an}7 
vegetation  to  grow  in  a  circular  area  about  them.  The  mounds  are 
l."»  inches  or  more  in  diameter  and  are  frequently  covered  with  parti- 
cles of  earth  or  sand  from  beneath  the  surface  which  contrast  strongly 
with  the  surrounding  soil.  The  bare  areas  around  the  mound  may 
be  10  feet  or  more  in  diameter. 

•See  W.  M    Wheeler:  Ants,  their  structure,  etc.,  p.  r>77.  1010. 


PWO  DESTRUCTIVE  ANTS.  D 

in- 1 kii'.i  noN. 

The  agricultural  anl  occurs  from  the  Brazos  River  westward. 
West  of  San  Antonio  it  is  replaced  l>\  closely  allied  forms.  Farther 
north,  in  Kansas  and  Nebraska,  a  distinct  species  i/'.  occidentalis 
Cress.)  occurs.  The  agricultural  an(  is  conspicuously  a  residenl  of 
open  places  and  does  not  occur  in  wooded  localil 

it  \r.i  i-. 

This  iint  -warm-  early  in  the  season,  generally  after  a  rain.  At 
such  times  tin"  males  and  females  come  out  of  the  ne-t  in  great  num- 
bers, covering  the  ground  for  many  feet  Mating  takes  place  at  tlii- 
time,  after  which  the  females  fly  away.  When  they  alight  their 
wings  are  cast  and  they  begin  to  dig  a  cell  for  ;i  new  colony.  The 
males  after  mating  arc  driven  away  by  the  worker-  or  killed  if  they 
persist  in  returning  to  the  nest.  At  the  time  of  this  swarming  multi- 
tudes of  the  ants  arc  destroyed  by  birds  and  horned  Lizards 

Many  year-  ago  it  was  announced  that  the  agricultural  anl  actu- 
ally plants  certain  grasses  in  order  to  obtain  quantities  <>t'  Beed  to  use 
in  provisioning  the  nests.  In  fact,  it  was  on  this  supposition  thai 
one  of  the  common  names  which  have  come  into  use  was  given  it. 
Upon  careful  investigation,  however,  it  was  found  thai  the  ant  does 
not  plant  seed  intentionally,  although  it  undoubtedly  doe-  so  acci- 
dentally. The  fact-  were  broughl  out  by  Prof.  \V.  M.  Wheeler.  The 
seeds  of  several  species  of  <_rra-s  and  common  weed-  are  taken  into 

the  nest-.     When  the  moisture  is  too  great  in  the  nest  -on f  these 

-ted-  sproul  and  thu-  hecoiue  unsuitable  for  fond.  Under  such  cir- 
cumstances the  ant-  carry  out  the  sprouted  seeds  and  deposit  them  in 
the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  ne-t  where  many  take  root  and  grow. 
Of  course,  this  can  not  be  considered  intentional  planting  of  the 
seed-,  because  the  ants  deal  with  the  sprouted  grain  exactly  as  they 
would  with  any  substance  that  was  unsuitable  in  their  ne-t-:  that  is, 
they  .-imply  carry  it  out  and  throw  it  away. 

n  \m  \cr. 

The  economic  importance  of  the  agricultural  ant  i-  due  t<>  the  fad 
that  it  will  not  allow  vegetation  to  grow  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  its  nest  and  to  it-  powerful  sting  which  it  uses  on  the  slightest 
provocation.  If  the  colonic-  happen  to  be  in  field-  such  a-  alfalfa, 
corn,  or  cotton,  the  area  of  loss  may  amount  to  considerable,  and  the 
same  i-  true  to  a  certain  degree  of  pasture  and  range  land-.  More 
over,  in  fields  which  are  mowed  the  mound-  interfere  with  the  work- 
iiiiT  of  the  machine,  and  the  anl-  are  likely  to  attack  the  horses. 
There  i-  some  degree  of  compensation  for  the  loss  of  the  land  cleared 
by  the  ants.      It  will  be  noted  that   in  a  circle  ju-l  outside  of  the  area 


6  TWO    DESTRUCTIVE    ANTS. 

that  is  cleared  the  plants  grow  with  great  luxuriance.  Frequently 
these  plants  become  quite  conspicuous  in  the  field.  This  redoubled 
growth  is  due  apparently  to  the  fact  that  the  underground  tunnels  of 
the  ants  loosen  up  the  soil  and  have  somewhat  the  effect  of  deep  plow- 
ing. It  is  not  likely  that  the  increased  growth  under  these  condi- 
tions offsets  entirely  the  loss  in  the  area  where  no  plants  are  allowed 
to  grow,  but  it  is  sufficient  to  reduce  the  importance  of  the  insect  to 
sonic  extent.  Mi-.  J.  I).  Mitchell,  who  has  made  many  careful  obser- 
vations on  this  species,  believes  that  the  actual  damage  inflicted  is 
generally  overestimated. 

The  sting  of  the  agricultural  ant  is  at  least  as  severe  as  that  of  a 
bumblebee.  It  is  speedily  inflicted  on  any  animal  that  approaches 
the  nest.  Consequently,  colonies  located  in  the  vicinity  of  houses 
or  on  roads  or  paths  frequently  become  decided  nuisances.  The  best 
local  applications  for  stings  are  aqua  ammonia  or  bicarbonate  of 
soda  (baking  soda).  When  fainting  or  dizziness  occurs,  as  i-  fre- 
quently the  case,  a  few  drops  of  ammonia  taken  internally  will  lie 
helpful. 

NATURAL  ENEMIES. 

Natural  enemies  exert  some  repressive  influence  upon  agricultural 
ants.  The  most  important  enemy  among  the  birds  is  the  great - 
tailed  grackle  (  Megaquiscalus  major  ?narrourus),  commonly  known  as 
the  jackdaw.  The  following  additional  Texas  birds  are  known  to 
prey  upon  species  of  Pogonomyrmex.  according  to  records  in  the 
Biological  Survey:  Upland  plover  (Bartramia  Ivngicauda) ,  burrow- 
ing owl  {Speotyto  cunieularia  hypogcea),  Texas  night  hawk  (Clior- 
deiles  acutipennu  texensis),  scissor-tailed  flycatcher  (Museivora  for- 
ficata),  kingbird  (Tyrarmus  tyrannus),  redbird  (Cardinalis  eardi- 
nalis),  and  mockingbird  {Mim/us  polyglottos) .  The  horned  lizard 
(Phrynosoma  comutum)   includes  agricultural  ants  as  a  pari  of  it- 


regular  diet. 


REPRESS K  IX. 


As  in  the  case  of  the  cutting  ant.  the  destruction  of  this  species 
can  best  be  brought  about  by  the  use  of  the  solution  of  potassium 
cyanid  in  water.  Mr.  J.  D.  Mitchell  conducted  experiments  at  Vic- 
toria. Tex.,  which  showed  that  this  was  a  perfectly  satisfactory 
method.  It  is  much  cheaper  and  easier  of  application  than  in  the 
case  of  the  cutting  ant  on  account  of  the  fact  that  the  underground 
portion  of  the  nest  is  much  less  extensive.  A  pint  of  liquid  is  suf- 
ficient for  even  a  large  colony,  though  sometime-  a  second  applica- 
tion may  be  necessary. 

Carbon  bisulphid  is  also  a  good  remedy  and  can  be  applied  in 
a    very   simple   maimer.     All   that    i^   necessary   is  to   pour  about    2 


PWO  DESTRUCTIVE  ANTS,  7 

ounces  into  the  opening  of  the  nest.    The  opening  need  nol  !><•  i  l 
A>  tlif  gas  is  much  heavier  than  air,  it   sinks  into  the  innermost 
i'-.  ami  kill-  all  of  the  ants  in  the  colony.    Setting  fire  to  the 
liquid  is  of  ii"  benefit.    In  Fact, it  i-  likely  to  lessen  its  efficiency.    The 
poison  nia\   lie  applied  at  any  linn-  of  the  day,  rcgardlef    of  the 

number  of  the  ant-   that    an tside   tin'   nest.    The  destruction 

of  tin-  colony  depends  upon  tin'  killing  of  tin'  queen,  and  -In-  remains 
in  tin-  not  at  all  times,  except  when  the  swarming  flight  i-  under 
way,  tor  a  very  short  time  in  the  spring. 

Sometimes  Paris  green  or  other  arsenicals  are  used  in  the  attempt 
to  control  this  species.  They  air  generally  applied  bj  -imply  pour- 
ing a  handful  into  thr  openings.  Many  of  the  am-  an'  killed,  l>nt 
a  large  pari  <>t'  the  brood  is  not  affected,  ami  the  colony  -"on  becomes 
a-  numerous  ;i-  ever.  In  some  cases  where  tlii-  method  has  been 
followed  persistently  tin'  ants  have  moved  their  nest  a  few  fret  away 
ami  have  become  reestablished  perfectly  in  a  Bhort  time  For  these 
reasons  the  use  of  arsenicals  can  not  be  considered  satisfactory. 

Another  method  sometimes  followed,  which  is  of  little  practical 
use,  i-  trapping  the  ants  in  bottles,  [fa  large  bottle  is  buried  in  the 
ground  in  the  vicinity  of  tin'  nest  with  the  neck  tln-h  with  the  sur- 
face  the  ants  soon  begin  an  exploration  ami  fall  inside.  The  noise 
they  make  in  tin-  bottle  attracts  many  others,  in  tlii-  way  in  the 
vicinity  of  ;i  populous  colony  a  large  bottle  may  be  filled  in  a  short 
time.  The  objection  to  this  procedure  is  that  ii  only  reduces  the 
strength  <>t'  the  colony.  The  immature  stages  ami  the  queen  are  not 
affected,  and  the  colony  booh  regains  it-  former  numbers. 

Approved  : 

d  \mi>  W'n  SON, 

§     n  tary  of  Agrit  idture. 
Washington,  D.  C,  January  18,  1912. 


ADDITION  \  I.  COP! 

ii    in. iv  I"'  | nx-'ir-  •  1  from  the  Sitkkin 
■HI    ■  >»■'    DOCDM    ' 

Oilier,  Washington,  D  I  -  <-opy 


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